The photovoltaic module monitor PCB is a "precision inspector" for individual solar panels, designed to enhance photovoltaic system efficiency and reliability. It withstands outdoor conditions like intense sunlight, temperature cycles, and moisture, integrating panel voltage/current detection, fault identification, and data transmission circuits. It real-time monitors the performance of each photovoltaic module, quickly identifies faults such as shading, aging, or damage, and transmits data to the central monitoring system. Helping users locate underperforming modules promptly, it optimizes overall system output, suitable for distributed and centralized photovoltaic power plants of all scales.